An Examination of the Correlation Between Poverty and Malnutrition Among Children Under Five in Plateau State
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Background of the Study
Malnutrition among children under five remains a critical public health concern, particularly in developing countries where poverty is prevalent. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malnutrition is a major contributor to child morbidity and mortality, with stunted growth, underweight conditions, and micronutrient deficiencies being among the most common forms (Okonkwo & Adeyemi, 2024). Poverty is a key determinant of malnutrition, as it affects food availability, healthcare access, and overall child welfare (Adebayo & Tijani, 2024).
Plateau State, with its unique socioeconomic and geographical characteristics, experiences significant disparities in income levels, which directly influence malnutrition rates among children. Limited access to adequate nutrition, poor maternal education, and food insecurity have exacerbated the problem in low-income communities (Usman & Bello, 2024). Despite various government and non-governmental interventions, malnutrition remains widespread, highlighting the need for a detailed examination of the relationship between poverty and child malnutrition in the state (Olaniyan et al., 2023).
This study seeks to examine the correlation between poverty and malnutrition among children under five in Plateau State, providing data-driven insights to guide policy interventions and nutritional programs.
Statement of the Problem
Malnutrition remains a leading cause of child mortality in Nigeria, with children in low-income households being the most affected. Despite numerous efforts to combat child malnutrition, Plateau State continues to record high cases of stunted growth and undernourishment (Adebayo & Tijani, 2024). Socioeconomic factors, particularly poverty, have been linked to poor nutrition, yet empirical research establishing the strength of this relationship in Plateau State is limited (Okonkwo & Adeyemi, 2024).
Government programs such as school feeding and nutritional supplements have had minimal impact, largely due to inadequate targeting of vulnerable groups. Without a clear understanding of how poverty drives malnutrition, efforts to combat the crisis may remain ineffective (Usman & Bello, 2024). This study aims to fill this gap by statistically analyzing the relationship between poverty levels and malnutrition prevalence among children under five in Plateau State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the prevalence of malnutrition among children under five in Plateau State.
2. To analyze the correlation between poverty and malnutrition.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of existing poverty-alleviation programs in reducing child malnutrition.
Research Questions
1. What is the current prevalence of malnutrition among children under five in Plateau State?
2. How does poverty influence malnutrition rates among children under five?
3. Are existing poverty-alleviation programs effective in addressing child malnutrition?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant correlation between poverty and malnutrition among children under five in Plateau State.
2. Children from low-income households are more likely to suffer from malnutrition.
3. Current poverty-alleviation programs have not significantly reduced child malnutrition rates.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on children under five in selected low-income and middle-income communities in Plateau State. Limitations may include difficulty in obtaining accurate income data and variations in dietary intake due to seasonal food availability.
Definitions of Terms
• Malnutrition: A condition resulting from inadequate or excessive nutrient intake, leading to health complications.
• Poverty: A socioeconomic condition characterized by a lack of financial resources to meet basic needs.
• Stunting: A condition where children have a lower height-for-age due to chronic malnutrition.
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